不同缓释过氧化钙对潜育环境下水稻土微生物特性的影响

为了解不同缓释过氧化钙对潜育化稻田土壤微生物特性的影响,于网室内进行潜育化稻田环境模拟试验,以不施过氧化钙为对照,探究过氧化钙粉末、过氧化钙颗粒与4种不同释氧效果的包膜过氧化钙在早稻分蘖期同等时期对潜育化稻田土壤活性有机碳、有效养分及微生物特性的影响。结果表明: 施用过氧化钙均能提高土壤活性有机碳、有效养分、微生物生物量及可培养微生物数量和酶活性,包膜过氧化钙对土壤微生物和酶活性的改善效果较好,其次依次为过氧化钙颗粒和过氧化钙粉末。包膜过氧化钙处理中,以乙基纤维素包膜效果最好,与不施过氧化钙处理相比,其土壤活性有机碳、微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮、微生物生物量磷分别显著提高19.4%、11.4%、121.5%、127.2%,土壤碱解氮和有效磷分别提高4.0%和45.5%;土壤可培养细菌和可培养微生物总量分别显著提高137.3%和113.7%,真菌和放线菌数量分别提高33.6%和44.7%;蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和脲酶活性分别显著提高92.4%、91.8%和112.5%,过氧化氢酶活性提高17.1%。研究结果可为包膜过氧化钙对潜育化稻田改良提供参考。     

竹柏2种颜色叶片的光合特性研究

为了解竹柏(Podocarpus nagi)的光合特性,以3 a生全绿叶和花叶竹柏为材料,测定其光合色素含量和气体交换参数。结果表明,全绿叶竹柏叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、叶绿素a+b、叶绿素a/b和叶绿素a+b/类胡萝卜素均显著高于花叶竹柏;全绿叶竹柏叶片的初始量子效率、最大光合速率和暗呼吸速率均显著高于花叶,而光饱和点和光补偿点均显著低于花叶;全绿叶竹柏叶片的初始羧化效率、光合速率、CO2饱和点和光呼吸速率均高于花叶,而CO2补偿点低于花叶。2种颜色叶片的气孔导度、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率均随着光合有效辐射的增大而增大,且均表现为全绿叶花叶,而胞间CO2浓度则相反,表现为花叶全绿叶。因此,全绿叶竹柏利用弱光的能力强于花叶竹柏,而花叶竹柏利用强光的能力更强,在园林绿化配置中,可根据2种颜色叶片的光合特性合理配置。     

肺炎支原体感染对川崎病的影响及机制探讨

目的分析肺炎支原体感染对川崎病的影响及其机制,以期指导临床诊疗。方法回顾性分析2013年8月至2018年8月我科住院的496例川崎病患儿临床资料,其中合并肺炎支原体感染组193例,未合并肺炎支原体感染组303例。应用倾向评分匹配法1∶1校正2组的年龄、性别、是否为不完全型川崎病、是否使用糖皮质激素、丙种球蛋白使用时间、丙种球蛋白使用方法和阿司匹林初始剂量,比较2组患儿的总发热天数、冠状动脉直径、冠状动脉扩张发生率、冠状动脉瘤发生率和丙种球蛋白无反应发生率。结果川崎病合并肺炎支原体感染组男性患儿多,更易发生颈部淋巴结肿大,年龄、中性粒细胞百分比、血沉和低密度脂蛋白高于川崎病未合并肺炎支原体感染组,血钾、血钙、高密度脂蛋白和白蛋白低于川崎病未合并肺炎支原体感染组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。应用倾向评分匹配法1∶1配对后发现,川崎病合并肺炎支原体感染组患儿总发热时间更长[8(6~10)d vs 7(6~9)d,Z=-2.089,P<0.05),冠状动脉直径值更大[(2.81±0.81)mm vs(2.63±0.45)mm,t=2.532,P<0.05],冠状动脉瘤发生率更高(5.5% vs 1.1%,χ²=5.516,P<0.05)。结论肺炎支原体感染可能引起川崎病患儿脂质代谢及电解质的紊乱,其炎症反应更强,持续时间更长,对冠状动脉损伤更大。     

凝结芽胞杆菌生物学特性及其在家禽生产中的应用

作为一种新兴的微生物饲料添加剂,凝结芽胞杆菌既表现出类乳酸菌的益生特性,又具有芽胞杆菌抗逆性好、易储存的优点,有利于产业化及市场推广。凝结芽胞杆菌能够产生有机酸及多种酶类、修复受损的肠黏膜、抑制病原菌繁殖及促进营养物质的消化吸收,在家禽生产中受到广泛关注和应用。目前关于凝结芽胞杆菌的研究不够深入,其生物学特性及作用机制还在进一步研究中,还需加深其在畜牧业中的应用研究。本文主要对凝结芽胞杆菌近几年的研究进展及其在家禽生产中的应用进行综述,为今后凝结芽胞杆菌的研发及应用提供参考依据。     

急性脑梗死并发肺部感染患者预后及危险因素分析

目的分析急性脑梗死并发肺部感染患者病原菌分布、病原菌耐药性、患者用药特征及其危险因素。方法选取2015年3月至2017年3月在我院急诊科进行住院治疗,且年龄60岁的急性脑梗死并发肺部感染患者60例为研究对象,对患者的一般资料及病原菌分布情况、耐药情况和患者用药情况进行分析。结果 60例患者中有30例出现肺部感染,感染率为50.00%。肺部感染患者中死亡4例。肺部感染患者痰液中共培养出28株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌21株,革兰阳性菌5株,真菌2株。30例肺部感染患者共使用6种抗感染药物,其中哌拉西林/舒巴坦的使用频率最高,其次为依替米星及美罗培南。Logistic回归分析显示,病原菌分布、耐药情况和患者用药情况与患者的预后存在相关性。结论急性脑梗死并发肺部感染患者的病原菌分布、耐药情况及患者用药情况与患者的预后密切相关,应针对上述因素给予患者合理的治疗。     

Studies on reproductive strategies of Vitex negundo L. var. heterophylla (Franch.) Rehder (Lamiaceae) based on morphological characteristics and SSR markers

Vitex negundo L. var. heterophylla (Franch.) Rehder (Lamiaceae) is an important tree species for soil and water conservation, yet the reproductive ecology of this species remains to be elucidated. To investigate the reproductive traits of V. negundo var. heterophylla, the phenology, morphological characteristics (a suite of characters was assessed: floral morphology, nectar production, pollen viability, and stigma receptivity) and mating system of this species were systematically revealed for the first time in this study. Phenological observations, morphological measurements, and nectar production analysis were conducted during anthesis. Pollen viability and stigma receptivity at different flowering stages were measured by biochemical methods. Finally, genetic analysis based on SSR markers was used to reveal the mating system; outcrossing index and pollen‐ovule ratio were also calculated to help analysis. V. negundo var. heterophylla showed several obvious characteristics of outcrossing, such as abundant and attractive flowers, secreting nectar, and emitting scent. In addition, mechanisms such as homogamy and a short anther‐stigma distance that can promote self‐fertilization were also identified in this species. The coexistence of selfing and outcrossing characteristics demonstrates a predominantly outcrossed mixed mating system (outcrossing rate, t = 95%). The scientific information provided by this study may contribute to conservation of V. negundo var. heterophylla from a reproductive perspective.     

Colonization Characteristics and Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Rhizosphere of <i>Iris lactea</i> in Songnen Saline-alkaline Grassland

To understand arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi resources and develop AM fungal species in ornamental plants with saline-alkaline tolerances, Iris lactea, which grows in the Songnen saline-alkaline grassland with a high ornamental value, was selected as the experimental material, and the colonization characteristics of its roots and the AM fungal diversity in its rhizosphere were explored. The results of the observations and calculations of mycorrhizae from ten different samples showed that AM fungi colonized the roots of I. lactea and formed Arum-type mycorrhizal structures. There was a significant correlation between soil spore density and pH value, while the colonization rate showed a fluctuating trend with increasing pH values. The observed colonization intensities were of Levels II (1%–10%) or III (11%–50%), and the vesicle abundances were of grades A₂ or A₃ among different sites. AM fungi produced a large number of mycelia and vesicles in the roots of I. lactea after colonization. Thirty-seven species belonging to 15 genera of AM fungi were isolated from the rhizosphere of I. lactea and identified by morphological identification. Funneliformis and Glomus were the dominant genera, accounting for 21.79% and 20.85% of the total number, respectively. F. mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices were isolated in all samples with importance values of 58.62 and 51.19, respectively. These results are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the analysis of the salt tolerance mechanism of I. lactea and for the discovery, exploration and further screening of AM fungal resources with salinity tolerances in saline-alkaline soils.     

Correlations between glycolysis with clinical traits and immune function in bladder urothelial carcinoma

Background: Glycolysis was a representative hallmark in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and we aimed to explore the correlations between glycolysis with immune activity and clinical traits in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA).Methods: Our study obtained glycolysis scores for each BLCA samples from TCGA by a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm, based on a glycolytic gene set. The relationship between glycolysis with prognosis, clinical characteristics, and immune function were investigated subsequently.Results: We found that enhanced glycolysis was associated with poor prognosis and metastasis in BLCA. Moreover, glycolysis had a close correlation with immune function, and enhanced glycolysis increased immune activities. In other words, glycolysis had a positive correlation with immune activities. Immune checkpoints such as IDO1, CD274, were up-regulated in high-glycolysis group as well.Conclusion: We speculated that in BLCA, elevated glycolysis enhanced immune function, which caused tumor cells to overexpress immune checkpoints to evade immune surveillance. Inhibition of glycolysis might be a promising assistant for immunotherapy in bladder cancer.     

云南蛋鸡源肠炎沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性

【背景】肠炎沙门氏菌(Salmonella enteritidis)是一种重要的人畜共患病原菌,禽类的肉制品及蛋类是其重要的传播途径。【目的】确诊云南某蛋鸡场疑似沙门氏菌感染病原情况。【方法】无菌采集发病蛋鸡肝脏组织进行细菌分离培养鉴定,对获得的菌株进行耐药性分析、致病性实验及毒力基因的检测。【结果】鉴定该分离菌为肠炎沙门氏菌,其抗原结构式为:O抗原1(+)、9(+)、12(+),H抗原gm(+)、[1,7](+),将其命名为SSYN001株。药敏实验表明,该菌株对青霉素、复方新诺明、强力霉素和四环素4种药物耐药,对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、庆大霉素、妥布霉素和头孢他啶等8种抗菌药物敏感;耐药基因检测发现,该菌株含有四环素类耐药基因tetA;动物致病性试验显示,该菌对雏鸡、产蛋鸡及小鼠的致死率分别为40%、80%和100%;该菌检测出spvB、spiA、pagC、msgA、invA、sipB、prgH、spaN、tolC、iroN、sitC、lpfC、sifA、sopB和orgA这15种毒力基因。【结论】对云南蛋鸡源肠炎沙门氏菌的致病性和菌株提供了新的生物学信息数据,对食源性人畜共患沙门氏菌的检测具有重要的公共卫生学意义。     

红螯螯虾体表附生切头涡虫类研究概述

随着红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)养殖业的发展,附着于红螯螯虾体表的切头涡虫及其危害已引起养殖业者的广泛关注。本文介绍了切头涡虫的分类地位和分布,详细描述了切头涡虫外部形态和内部构造,并对切头涡虫的共生特性、食性、生活史、运动方式等生物学特点进行了概述,对切头涡虫的危害和防治进行了总结和讨论。本综述可为红螯螯虾的养殖、切头涡虫病的了解与防治以及相关研究提供参考。